PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.